Optical fiber connectors pdf

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Sign Up. Upcoming SlideShare. Embed Size px. Start on. Show related SlideShares at end. WordPress Shortcode. Share Email. Top clipped slide. Education , Business , Technology. Download Now Download Download to read offline. Liju Thomas Follow. Optical Fiber. Losses in optical fiber. Connector losses Optical Fiber Cable.

Wi Vi technology. What to Upload to SlideShare. Related Books Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Related Audiobooks Free with a 30 day trial from Scribd. Empath Up! Swati Verma. Hail to Lord Buddha , Sasi Kala. Swamy Surya. Tahmina Shopna , Student at University of Chittagong. Sowjanyasri Prudhvi. Kavithapriya Kavithapriya. The signal at the receiver must be larger than the connectors, and means that no connector with an air gap can noise.

The received power at the detector, Pr , must be above have less than 0. This reflection is also referred to as back reflection or optical return loss, which can be a a certain threshold level, Ps or the receiver sensitivity.

Connectors use a number of The received power at the detector is a function of the polishing techniques to insure physical contact of the fiber following: ends to minimize back reflection.

On mechanical splices, it is a Power emanating from the light source PL. The end finish of the fiber must be properly polished to minimize loss. A rough surface will scatter light and dirt can d Connector or splice losses Lconn. Since the optical fiber is so small, e Fiber to detector loss L fd. Whenever connectors are not terminated, they should be covered to The allocation of power loss among system components protect the end of the ferrule from dirt. One should never is the power budget.

The power margin is the difference touch the end of the ferrule, since the oils on one's skin between the received power and the receiver sensitivity by causes the fiber to attract dirt. Before connection and testing, some margin Lm : it is advisable to clean connectors with lint-free wipes moistened with isopropyl alcohol.

Numerical aperture NA and core diameter differences where Lm is the loss margin in dB , Pr is the received power Two sources of loss are directional: numerical aperture NA and core diameter. Differences in these two will create Ps is the receiver sensitivity in dBm. If all of the loss connections that have different losses depending on the mechanisms in the system are taken into consideration, the direction of light propagation.

In Figure 2, we have three connectors because it The coupling efficiency is affected by various tolerances is obvious that optical fibers have to be joined together to with the alignment of the fiber-to-fiber interfaces. For a Axial Misalignment of distance d between two have been broken, have to be repaired.

Typical Power budget of a fiber optic communication link. We can cure this problem by filling the gap with a material usually fluid whose index of refraction no is the 4.

Theoretical Investigation square root of the product of the two core indices i. This coupling 5. Experimental Verification efficiency is affected by various tolerances with the Our aim is to measure the effect of connector faults on the alignment of the fiber-to-fiber interfaces.

The four main efficiency, i. For this alignment errors, which affect the light power transferred across a connector, are illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 4. Experimental setup for measuring the efficiency of a connector. Figure 3. Main alignment errors.

The fiber connector pair is mounted on a turntable, which Where, allows precise translations in the direction of the fiber axis a Axial Misalignment and transverse to it also. An angular displacement is achieved b Angular Misalignment by rotating the turntable around its vertical axis.

Figure 5 shows the light source of Gaussian approximation for a distance of 10 cm. Figure 7. Figure 5. Light source of Gaussian approximation. A normalized plot of I e x and I g x is shown in Figure 6. Figure 6. Normalized plot for I e x and I g x. Figure 9.

Chsndrappan, Z. Jing, N. Jei, P. Damaruganath, and J. Grivas, D. Syvridis, and G. Drljaca, S. Savovic, and A. Mollers, et al. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, , pp. Figure Conclusion The losses due to fiber connectors are studied theoretically using an approximate model.

The validity of this model is verified experimentally at the wavelengths. The loss due to axial misalignments is the dominant one as predicted theoretically.

References [1] T. Hornak, ed. Green, Jr. Koeppen, R. Shi, W. Chen, and A. Djordjevich, and S. Mateo, M. Losada, I. Zubia, "Global characterization of optical power propagation in step-index plastic optical fibers," Optics Express, Vol. Losada, J Mateo, D.